In 1560 AD, the third Guru Amar Dass set up a system of spreading the teachings of Guru Nanak by appointing local community heads. He appointed 94 men and 52 women in these positions; the communities headed by men were called manji and those headed by women were called piri. Both manji and piri denote humble wooden cots, for the community leaders to sit on and provide guidance.
The role of these community leaders was akin to a bishop, to manage the local place of worship, and provide guidance that aids in living a pious life. The base principles were to earn an honest living, share your good fortune, and meditate in His name. With honest labor and hard work, the communities progressed economically.






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